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On 3 May, the anniversary of the Polish May Constitution, another demonstration with patriotic undertones took place.
The May Constitution of 1791 enfranchised the bourgeoisie, established the separation of the three branches of government, and eliminated the abuses of Repnin Sejm.
This outcome came also as a surprise to most of the Targowica Confederates, who had wished only to restore the status quo ante (Commonwealth magnate-favoring Golden Freedoms) and had expected that the overthrow of the 3 May Constitution would achieve that end, and nothing more.
Intimidated, the king and the government capitulated; the May constitution was abolished; and leading patriots emigrated.
Driven by pride and doctrine, a number of die-hard conservatives among them high dignitaries such as Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki, Seweryn Rzewuski, and Ksawery Branicki formed the Confederation of Targowica (in St . Petersburg to overthrow the May constitution.
Charles John conducted an efficient and almost bloodless campaign, and in August the Norwegians signed the Convention of Moss, whereby they accepted Charles XIII as king but retained the May constitution.
Similar(53)
–By what process may the constitution be revised?" When students finish, ask them to share their ideas with the class.
That recognition of reality is spreading.What they have not yet accepted is that the defeat of the constitution may be no bad thing, and that living with its consequences may be the most sensible approach.
A constitution may provide the framework within which the political life of a state is conducted; or it may be no more than a piece of paper, its provisions bearing almost no relationship to the facts of political life.
The Constitution may be amended, but the process is arduous.
Nevertheless, the form a constitution may take varies considerably.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com