Certain APC mutations confer dominant-negative effects with up-regulation of Tcf-B-catenin-mediated transcription in experimental systems [ 26].
It has been suggested that haploinsufficiency is a risk factor for disease, but certain mutations are dominant, conferring dominant-negative or toxic gain of functions of parkin protein [ 61].
We speculate that immigrant status within the HIV patient population may confer an additional negative impact on tetanus immunity.
The intervention was a cocktail of various immune-modulating nutrients and may confer positive or negative effects on mortality, with or without interaction.
Consistent with this idea, overexpressing mlh3-E529K, which does not interact with Mlh1, did not confer a dominant-negative phenotype (Nishant et al. 2008).
In this case, the Apert mutations might confer a dominant-negative functional effect on FGFR2-IIIb in human palatal epithelia, resulting in failure of fusion of the palatal shelves (Britto et al., 2002).
Further investigation into the properties of Gram negative bacteria that may confer NEC is essential for a thorough understanding of NEC pathophysiology.
The presence of visceral metastases is a negative prognostic factor and may confer less sensitivity to hormone therapy.
This moiety is conserved in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, suggesting that Nod2 may confer resistance to a wide variety of bacteria.
These studies suggest that aneuploidy may confer adaptability by inducing chromosome-specific phenotypic changes, despite general negative effects on cell physiology.
