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There are many factors such as shrinkage of concrete, dead load, service load and so on that may cause surface cracks during the service life of a bridge.
The loose flakes (sample I) can be easily removed from the grinding stone (12SCM15:8) by a scalpel; however, it may cause surface scratches for the grinding plate (12SCM15:9), and thus washing with solvent might be a less destructive and safe way for extracting sample II.
It will probably mark and may cause surface damage to cookware.
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It may also cause surface cation exchange, which was previously thought unfavorable due to the loss of dopant [46].
Breakdown of the hydrocarbon dielectric contributes carbon to the plasma channel which may also cause surface modification.
It is known that the surface atoms of nanoparticles have large dangling bonds, but low coordination number (CN) than the bulk, which may cause the surface to be different from the bulk.
The increase in temperature may cause the surface functional groups containing oxygen to be decomposed.
Fretting may cause severe surface damage and lead to unexpected fatigue failure.
Nevertheless, is it not considered to be fully equivalent to heat/steam sterilisation and chemicals may cause transducer surface damage.
Chatter is a vibrational problem affecting machining operations, which may cause bad surface quality and damages to the machining system.
The primary scales form to connect the isolated oxide ridges, while the secondary scale's peak clipping effect may cause the surface morphology more and more even.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com