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It is noteworthy that divergence in repetitive sequences may cause reproductive isolation between nascent species [58].
Previous animal studies have suggested that maternal exposure to phthalates during fetal and/or neonatal periods may cause reproductive and developmental toxicities in offspring due to their actions as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) (Borch et al. 2006; Kim et al. 2004).
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Differences in floral traits, such as petal color, scent, morphology, or nectar quality and quantity, can lead to specific interactions with pollinators and may thereby cause reproductive isolation.
Intrauterine adhesions may cause poor reproductive outcome.
Studies on Drosophila [ 36] and Mus [ 41] have demonstrated an above average rate of regulatory divergence in genes associated with reproduction and in addition, have shown that these genes may be among the first to cause reproductive isolation.
And unfortunately, their filtration into our waterways may be causing reproductive and developmental effects for everything from deer to mollusks.
Animal studies have shown that BPA may reduce sperm quality, disturb hormonal balance, and cause reproductive organ damage and malformations, as reviewed by Richter et al. (2007).
TT was reported to cause reproductive system enhancement and possess antioxidant activity, which may assist in the choice of drugs for longer durations that can be prescribed safely without affecting the fertility potential in males.
The transmission of viruses that cause reproductive failure from wild boar to domestic pigs may have severe effects on piglet production, with huge economic losses on pig farms.
Environmental factors, such as exposure to heavy metals, can cause reproductive dysfunction in women [ 2]; even trace exposure to toxic metals may affect the reproductive health of women [ 3].
Phthalates are plastics softeners that are believed to cause reproductive problems and possibly cancer.
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