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Given that animal experiments and many observational studies suggest that GDM may cause offspring obesity, it is natural to wonder why the results of this study were null.
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Their use may cause the offspring not to have a valid sequence due to duplication and omission of vertices.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may cause obesity in the offspring.
These infections can be transmitted from mother to children and may cause severe morbidities in their offspring.
Fishel says ICSI can allow severely compromised sperm to fertilize an egg, which may cause problems in the future offspring.
Our study showed that maternal exposure to combinations of modern, non-persistent pesticides during early pregnancy may cause long-term effects in offspring.
This may affect fetal programming through immunomodulation [ 5], and perinatal anxiety may cause epigenetic changes in the offspring leading to an increased vulnerability to neurodevelopmental diseases in later life [ 6].
The third way is by giving high-dose vaccines for offspring, but this may cause the increase of adverse reactions or even the occurrence of death.
Dehlink and colleagues [ 9] were the first to hypothesize that the use of acid-suppressive therapy during pregnancy may cause the development of asthma in offspring.
Previous animal studies have suggested that maternal exposure to phthalates during fetal and/or neonatal periods may cause reproductive and developmental toxicities in offspring due to their actions as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) (Borch et al. 2006; Kim et al. 2004).
For those women who chose to fast during pregnancy, it may cause considerable negative health effects on the offspring, irrespective of the stage of pregnancy in which Ramadan took place.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com