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Pregnant women are especially vulnerable, as are their unborn children; even a mild infection may cause miscarriage, stillbirth or life-threatening illness for a newborn.
Pregnant women and their fetuses are especially vulnerable: even a mild infection may cause miscarriage, stillbirth or deadly illness for a newborn.
In pregnant women, high levels of exposure to lead may cause miscarriage.
Rubella may cause miscarriage or severe birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome, if a woman contracts it during the first trimester of pregnancy.
In our study we find that all of the pregnant women feel a certain degree of worry that participation in physical activity, particularly strenuous activity, may cause miscarriage or in other ways be harmful.
A fungus, Phytophthora infestans, was identified as the cause for potato blight in the Irish Famine of 1844 and although there is no evidence in the literature that there is a direct link to miscarriage however the possibility that this fungus may cause miscarriage should be considered.
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Some lifestyle factors, such as excessive drinking, the use of tobacco or drugs not prescribed by a physician, and inadequate nutrition may cause miscarriages.
First trimester of pregnancy is the most harmful period for teratogenic exposure because it is when organogenesis takes place albeit, some teratogens may have effect in later stage of pregnancy and may even cause miscarriage [ 9, 10].
The groups at highest risk of listeriosis are pregnant women, in whom this infection may cause late miscarriage or stillbirth, neonates, immunocompromised individuals, and the elderly, in whom it causes mostly septicaemia and meningoencephalitis [ 2, 3].
There are concerns that Zika may also cause miscarriages, which in El Salvador can lead to women being jailed for abortion or murder.
However, if rubella is contracted by a pregnant woman during the first trimester of pregnancy, it may cause a miscarriage or severe birth defects, known as Congenital Rubella Syndrome.
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