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Uncertain situation may cause information that is crucial for planning to change without a prior update on the planner's knowledge.
Moreover, reducing fuzzy data becomes a difficult problem because the handling of imprecision and uncertainty may cause information loss and/or deformation.
Secondly, two situations may cause information bias.
Non-response may cause selection bias, and altered answers may cause information bias (similar to social desirability bias).
First, the use of a questionnaire to identify subjects with hypertension may cause information bias, although many studies have adopted the same approach [ 6, 7, 9, 10].
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The process of distributed collection, decentralized processing and remote communication of the wide area measurement information may cause the information error.
However, respondents from all settings reported that patient data are not always recorded adequately, which may cause essential information to be missed or misunderstood.
However, the natural and malicious injected faults reduce its robustness and may cause private information leakage.
This may cause essential information to be missed or misunderstood, and may thereby negatively affect the quality of care.
Patients' familiarity with the use of the product and patient resistance to questioning have been postulated as factors that may cause less information to be gathered in product-based self-medication requests [ 23, 36].
With hindsight, use of the term 'viscoelastic mattresses and pillows' may have caused information bias.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com