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Most impacts on providing ecosystem services (ESs) are related to land use changes that may cause ecosystem fragmentation and loss of ecosystem functions.
In water-limited ecosystems, one major mechanism by which CO2 enrichment may cause ecosystem change is by increasing soil water (Morgan et al. 2004 b ; Nowak et al. 2004 a ).
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Stream depletion due to groundwater extraction by wells may cause impact on aquatic ecosystem in streams, conflict over water rights, and contamination of water from irrigation wells near polluted streams.
However, it is also recognised that visually appealing landscapes may not be ecologically healthy and these differences may cause tensions as indirect ecosystem services become an increasingly important focus for forest management.
The chemicals in Marcellus shale wastewater may cause damage to the ecosystem and human health if not managed properly.
Besides the existence in aquatic ecosystem may cause harmful effects to organisms living in water and heavy metals also accumulate throughout the food chain and may affect the health of human beings [ 2– 4].
However, there is a concern that disturbances occurring concurrently with fibre utilization may cause these boreal forest ecosystems to become net C sources resulting from cumulative effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances, and altered C cycling processes at stand- and landscape scales.
In contrast to the contained use of GM products in medicine, the introduction of GMO in agricultural ecosystems may cause unwanted, uncontrollable and irreversible impacts.
At the same time though, changes due to socioeconomic development may put a burden on the social and natural environment, and may cause profound changes in ecosystems.
Imposing water flow minimums, while crucial for some ecosystem demands, may cause the demand for water to exceed supply in river basins within the Middle East, central Asia and southern Europe.
A letter of intent is a start and may cause a change in the ecosystem as developers and publishers aim to make their loot box systems less exploitative (as some have already done) and (what is more likely) engage in a charm offensive to normalize the practice and distance it from more traditional gambling.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com