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Incorporation of gemcitabine may cause DNA damage, which is the result of the extent of its incorporation and efficacy of the DNA repair mechanisms.
It is also able to remove any DNA bases that are cytotoxic (harmful to the cell) or that may cause DNA polymerase (an enzyme involved in DNA replication) to make errors.
(Ali et al., 2009; Ali & Kumar, 2008; Nwani et al., 2010) stated that the higher DNA damage in cells of the gills could be due to the reason that gills are constantly exposed to the pollutants of water that may cause DNA damage whereas RBCs come in contact with the pollutants only after circulation.
These data suggest that the epoxide intermediates of the structurally related chemicals (BD, IP, and CP) may cause DNA damage in K-ras and H-ras proto-oncogenes of B6C3F1 mice following inhalation exposure and that mutational activation of these genes may be critical events in the pathogenesis of forestomach neoplasms induced in the B6C3F1 mouse.
Even though these kits are efficient, shearing forces due to fine particles may cause DNA breakage.
RIBE manifests itself by intercellular communication from irradiated cells to non-irradiated cells which may cause DNA damage and eventual death in these bystander cells.
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However, ROS may also cause DNA damage and proliferative arrest.
PAHs may also cause DNA damage by generating reactive oxygen species, an endogenous mutagen (Singh et al. 2007).
Here, we suggest that the photosensitised reactive products may also cause DNA methylation and lipid peroxidation to produce methylated DNA damage and ethenoadenine DNA lesions, respectively.
More recent reports suggest that, in addition, regions of the genome especially susceptible to breakage termed "fragile sites" may also cause DNA strand breakage.
Chronic cutaneous inflammation that can characterise some autoimmune conditions (including psoriasis and scleroderma, which directly involve the skin) may plausibly cause DNA damage that could promote development of skin cancer.
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