In the case of plant invasion, a new species' arrival may alter the microbial community, leading to further modifications of belowground processes such as nutrient turnover or the introduction of microbial species associated with this novel plant.
The results demonstrate that ABs targeting specific pathogenic infections and diseases may alter gut microbial ecology and interactions with host metabolism at a much higher level than previously assumed.
Drugs may change intestinal microenvironment, alter microbial metabolism or affect bacterial growth, thereby altering microbial community composition and function.
This may be because CCA do not stimulate or alter microbial communities associated with the coral tissue, or do not directly damage or kill the coral tissue through release of allelochemicals.
In fact, recent evidence suggests that smoking uptake and cessation can alter microbial communities [43], [57].
The addition of L. buchneri 40788 alone or with P. pentosaceus resulted in similar effects on silage fermentation and aerobic stability, but the effects were variable among locations, suggesting that unidentified factors; for example, in the field or on the forage crop, may alter the effectiveness of microbial inoculation.
Successful invasive plants may alter soil conditions such as nutrient availability, microbial composition and functioning, and in turn the altered soil conditions in some invaded ecosystems may promote further invasion [ 38].
Changing fire regimes and additional unburnt biomass may alter soil N2O dynamics through changes in the microbial processes of nitrification and de-nitrification.
In marine environments, macrofauna living in or on the sediment surface may alter the structure, diversity and function of benthic microbial communities.
While an inflammatory oral microbiota may alter oral inflammation, it increasingly appears that analogous microbial changes in the upper GI tract appear able to produce leptin resistance in vagal afferent endings, attenuating satiety signaling.
