In addition to providing stable environmental conditions that minimize physiologic perturbations, which may affect research results, research facilities must be designed and operated with optimal productivity and efficiency.
As much as commercial interests may affect research, it would be even more unethical, in addition to being unfeasible, to discount or seek to dismiss all commercially funded research.
Biased selection for publication may affect research dissemination over the whole process from before study completion, to presentation of findings at conferences, manuscript submission to journals, and formal publication in journals.
Additionally, incorrect geocoding may bias the results of spatial analysis, resulting in misclassification of actual physical locations that may adversely affect research outcomes or location-based business decisions [14, 15].
In general, animal-use procedures should be conducted in areas separated from animal-care and housing rooms because, besides competing with ongoing animal husbandry activities, many use procedures may also affect research animal metabolic, physiologic, and behavioral parameters via stimulation of visual, auditory, and/or olfactory processes.
These findings add significant new information to the field of dentistry and contribute to the body of literature showing that industry sponsoring may affect biomedical research outcomes [16], [32].
Another possible assumption would be that some other factor (e.g. different funding, the nature of the disease) may affect both research progress and network structure.
This implies that approaches to the appointment of a patient's legal representative may differ across member states depending on the legal, cultural and political background of each European country, giving rise to procedures of differing complexity that may affect biomedical research.
Culturally related psychosocial factors, such as cultural mistrust and perceptions of exploitation in medical research by minority groups, are known to affect research participation and may be associated with attrition from registers more generally by people from black and ethnic minority groups when compared with other populations.
We analyze the channels through which the degree of industry collaboration may be affecting research output.
By understanding how construct validity may affect hand hygiene research design, there is great potential to improve the validity of future hand hygiene research findings.
