Tranquillizers taken prior to surgery or endoscopy or drugs used prior to the induction of anesthesia may also affect marker levels seen.
Further, previous studies have not accounted for possible time-dependent confounding of the association between MBD markers and death due to the effect of markers of MBD on treatments, which subsequently may affect MBD markers.
Our results showed that VASH2 may act as an upstream regulator of ZEB1/2 and may affect EMT markers.
Another bias may be represented by concomitant immunosuppression, which may affect coagulatory/inflammatory markers.
This rules out the risk of circularity when inferring species evolution by small subunit ribosomal RNA and ribosomal protein sequences, since it has been suggested that concerted LGT may affect these markers.
However, other factors that may affect tumour marker level, for example, PSA decline due to dedifferentiation of the tumour as it becomes anaplastic, must be considered, when post-treatment changes of tumour marker level is studied.
The use of this in vitro technique may be helpful for predicting the potential of CR, ADF and other dietary manipulations to affect markers of longevity in humans.
However, one should keep in mind that there might be other confounding factors that were not included in this study (e.g. NSAIDs or corticosteroids), but which may affect the inflammatory markers as well, potentially making the use of the ESR equally acceptable.
The identification of population substructure is crucial for quantitative genetic or population genetic studies since population stratification or admixture may affect detection of marker-trait associations, genomic prediction, or estimation of population genetic parameters.
Thus, not only the frequency of susceptibility variants but also the markers may affect the likelihood of detecting/replicating associations.
