Although impaired T-cell immunity associated with HIV infection may adversely affect immunologic cancer defenses, the anti-tumour immune microenvironment in chronic HIV infection and its impact on tumour behaviour has not been well studied.
Although the widespread introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in most developing countries has dramatically reduced morbidity and mortality among HIV-positive individunder-nutritionrithat that is common in these settings, coupled with wasting that is characteristic of HIV infection, may affect optimal immunologic response after HAART initiation.
Ultimately, our results provide evolutionary and functional information about candidate ALR gene variants that might affect immunologic phenotypes.
In this article, we present novel evidence suggesting that exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy may affect the development of the immunologic function of the mammary gland, significantly influencing colostral milk provision of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1α for breast-feeding infants.
We describe the immunologic changes that may affect the course of infectious diseases in pregnant women, briefly summarize what is known about infectious diseases during pregnancy, and then focus on the particular challenges of dealing with emerging infectious diseases in pregnant women.
A growing body of evidence suggests that nonhemodynamic mechanisms are likely to be crucial, including immunologic, toxic, and inflammatory factors that may affect renal microvasculature and tubular cells (2, 5).
Environmental malodors may be markers of agents that can produce inflammatory, immunologic, infectious, or toxicologic responses; additionally, they may affect physical, mental, and social well-being due to their psychological and cultural meaning (Schiffman et al. 2000).
This suggests that reversal of hormonal and immunologic changes during pregnancy that favor immune tolerance (and prevent maternal rejection of the fetus) may affect RA development and increase early disease severity.
It also may affect things like compensation.
