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The most abundant functional class of genes in the CV TB bottom fraction encoded extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (n = 18), indicating that basal taste bud cells may actively secrete matrix components and participate in basement membrane formation.
Through a regulated process, stimulated inflammatory cells may actively secrete HMGB1 [ 8- 11].
This is consistent with the concept that, following migration to the synovial joint space, Th17 cells may actively secrete IL-17.
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It is also found on the cell membrane and may be actively secreted by various cell types [9], [10].
The amount of circulating tumour cells required to generate the levels of DNA detected does not always correspond, however, leading to speculation that DNA may be actively secreted by tumour cells and potentially by other cells under stress [ 23].
The tRNA halves are mostly derived from the 5′ end of tRNAs and are not contained in exosomes or microvesicles, but circulate as particles of 100 300 kDa, indicating they may be actively secreted through an RNA‐binding protein‐dependent pathway.
Cold shock proteins may also be actively secreted by both transformed and non-transformed cells following challenge with cytokines (e.g. PDGF-B, TGF-β) or exposure to oxidative stress [ 11].
HMGB1 may either be actively secreted from a wide number of cell types following stimulation with inflammatory mediators, including TNF, IL-1β, IFN-γ and multiple toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands [ 15, 19- 23], or be passively released from dying nucleated cells [ 12, 13].
The epidermis consists of several cell layers that actively secrete a thin cuticle.
It is well known that monocytes and macrophages can actively secrete HMGB1 in response to various stress stimuli [ 27].
HMGB1 is actively secreted by activated macrophages [ 37] and passively released through the porous membrane of cells undergoing necrosis.
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