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UV irradiation induces DNA damage and histone modification, which may activate various DNA repair genes, including p53 [20].
Thus, transformed tumor cells express characteristic cell antigens that may activate various tumor-specific immune effectors.
However, a moderate increase in the ROS level may activate various defence mechanisms through redox signalling pathways [ 26, 27].
Previous studies have indicated that IL-22 may activate various pathways such as STAT3, MAPK, Akt and/or NF- κB signalling in different types of cells (Lejeune et al, 2002; Andoh et al, 2005; Zhang et al, 2008).
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These high extracellular nucleotide concentrations may activate several ATP/ADP- (and UTP/UDP-) sensitive receptor-types and their respective signal transduction cascades on various cell types [12].
As the visual system processes information through parallel channels, the manipulation of visual stimuli may be utilized to activate various visual pathways.
34 35 Research has thus suggested that SMT may stimulate neural inhibitory systems at different spinal cord levels, and might activate various central descending inhibitory pathways.
In the GTP-bound state, Ras proteins may interact with effectors including Raf, PI3K and RalGDS, among others [3], [4], to activate various signaling pathways with impact on cell cycle regulation, cytoskeleton organization, transcriptional regulation or membrane trafficking.
Typing '21 mine' activates the bitcoin miner while other commands activate various features.
Thus, probably various ghrelin doses are required to activate various cellular pathways.
Numerous studies have shown that both free fatty acids and high glucose levels in diabetes may activate PKC in various vascular cells via de novo synthesis of diacylglycerol (DAG) [ 41].
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