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High-strength low-carbon ferritic steels attaining a maximum yield strength of 1600 MPa by combined Cu and NiAl precipitation-strengthening were developed.
Appropriate design equations in CHS are needed because the design equations limit the maximum yield strength and yield ratio up to 360 MPa and 80% in AISC and Canadian codes, and the design code of KBC 2009.
It is demonstrated that the maximum tensile strength (in excess of 2 GPa) and ductility is achieved by the θ-phase and the maximum yield strength is found during the α′ + η → α′ + θ transition.
Increased heat led to decreased MY (maximum yield strength of the beam).
For the analysis, we contrasted a theoretical bond strength calculated by accounting for the melted bump covered area for the different initial bumps sizes (300 μm, 400 μm and 760 μm) by using alloy maximum yield strength (45 MPa for SAC305 [11]); and comparing it later with the real force required to tear apart the soldered components.
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The results of this study reveal that among all types of groove formations used for welding, double-V groove joint possessed maximum YS (yield strength) and UTS (ultimate tensile strength), besides maximum strength ratio (YS/UTS) that was followed by U-groove joint and C-groove joint, respectively.
The plastic zone size ahead of the crack tip is modeled as a continuous function of the maximum applied SIF, yield strength, and plate thickness, making its calculation precise and easy.
During tensile testing, a maximum yield and ultimate tensile strength of 182 MPa and 312 MPa were obtained for the forged samples, representing increases of 121% and 33%, respectively, from the as-cast condition.
By matching to the experimentally measured fatigue weak-links, the minimum critical pore size for fatigue crack initiation was determined to be 11 μm in diameter at the cyclic maximum stress of 100% yield strength of the alloy.
Table 3 shows the yield strength, maximum strength, failure strength, and displacements at those states for each specimen.
The maximum yield and ultimate tensile strength value recorded for laser sintered DuraForm 12® were found to be similar to injection-moulded PA 12.
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