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The operational regimes at maximum thermal efficiency, maximum work output and minimum entropy production of these power cycles are compared.
The minimum entropy production, the maximum thermal efficiency, and the maximum work output criteria may be equivalent at the condition of fixed heat input.
It is demonstrated that for practical applications, thermodynamic optimization of gas turbine power plants should continue to be based upon maximum thermal efficiency or maximum work output criteria.
It is shown that minimum entropy production criterion neither correlates with maximum thermal efficiency design nor with maximum work output criterion.
Under special circumstances, minimum entropy production design may be identical to maximum thermal efficiency design and/or maximum work output design.
The results show that the maximum work output of 156.4 kW is produced at source temperature of 345 °C, evaporation pressure of 36 bar, and pinch point of 5 °C at evaporator and 10 °C at condenser.
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Both ORC loops were optimized to produce the maximum net work output.
Optimization of the system configuration revealed that the preheater and recuperator with n-pentane and R125 as working fluids increase the maximum net work output by 906.4 kW, which is 5.17% of the original engine output.
As a main advantage, both evaporator and condenser pressures can be optimized simultaneously by optimizing only working fluid mass flow rate to get maximum net work output or heat recovery efficiency for given heating fluid and cooling fluid inlet conditions using selected working fluids.
A cyclical adjustment requires an estimate of peak output, what I call maximum employment output because the latter has a clearer meaning.
By incorporating a two-stage solar collector/evaporator configuration, a maximum net annual electrical work output of 1070 kW h yr−1 (continuous average power of 122 W) and a solar-to-electrical efficiency of 6.3% is reported with HFC-245ca as the working fluid at an optimal evaporation saturation temperature of 126 °C (corresponding to an evaporation pressure of 16.2 bar).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com