Echo-detected EPR spectra (ED EPR) were recorded by integration of the electron spin echo signal (ESE) generated by two-pulse sequence (π/2−τ−π) ± 62 ns around the maximum with two-step phase cycling at different magnetic field induction B0.
Additionally, the model is extended to incorporate the capability to model transition due to surface irregularities in the form of backward-facing steps with maximum non-dimensional step sizes of approximately 1.5 times the local displacement thickness of the boundary layer where the irregularity is located (i.e k/δ∗⪅1.5) at upstream turbulence intensities in the range 0.01<Tu<0.8.
Consistent with greater acceleration, the maximum turn amplitude also increased strikingly with step size.
A nonuniform mesh with a maximum spatial step of 3 mm (in free space) restricted to 1 mm over the anatomical model and to 0.2 mm over the CU was adopted to discretize the computational domain.
To achieve quasi-steady-state conditions in the numerical simulations and with that predict the present-day thermal and flow field, a simulation time of 100,000 years was chosen with an automatic time step control with a limited maximum time step size of 50,000 days.
STAR modulates this nutrition rate between 30 and 100% of the caloric goal, with a maximum step change of ± 30% caloric goal per hour [33].
A stepwise strain-locked loading protocol was implemented, and after the measurement of the dimensions of the samples, each load step was estimated to apply a maximum strain step of approximately 0.2%, with an estimated constant strain rate <0.001 s−1, in order to eliminate the effect of creep.
High resolution spectra of the elements of interest, namely oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, carbon, and gold were acquired in a range of ± 10 eV from the peak maximum with pass energy of 23.5 eV, step size of 0.1 eV, dwell time of 1.1 2.2 s/point.
Statistical parsimony networks [66] were constructed with TCS 1.21 [67], with calculated maximum connection steps at 95% and alignment gaps treated as missing data.
