The method applied to calculate long-term averages, maximum water volume for example, can be useful for evaluation and design procedures of photovoltaic pumping equipment.
The procedure is validated comparing long-term averages of maximum water volume pumped by a PV system, obtained with the utilizability method, with those found by running a 10-year time series.
The most serious disaster occurred on November 5, 2001, and the maximum water inrush volume was 1520 m3/h, flooding the whole mine.
The most serious disaster occurred on November 5, 2001, and the maximum water inrush volume was 1520 m3/h, flooding the whole mine. .
The results show that Dam Failure Risk can be estimated by using the variables Dam Height, Dam Length, Maximum Flood Water Volume, Flood Water Surface Area, Mean Annual Rainfall (based on Met Office data), Altitude, Catchment Size, Urban Catchment Proportion, Forest Catchment Proportion and Managed Maximum Flood Water Volume.
The ELSS consisted of 16 independent microcosms (glass tanks - 28 cm length x 25 cm height x 12.4 cm width) with a maximum functional water volume of approximately 7 L (see Additional file 1: Figure S1).
Table 4 Working environment of two phase separator Parameter Value Units Working pressure 1 700 Bar Temperature 15 150 Celsius Fluids Reservoir oil and brine Maximum change of water volume 999 ml Maximum change of oil volume 999 ml Typical volume resolution (25.4 mm bores, water-paraffin) 0.08 ml Hysteresis* 0.3 ml ml Transducer construction PZT-5A.
The next sensitivity analysis varied the maximum daily irrigation water volume available for withdrawal.
Variance to maximum daily irrigation water volume had a small effect in most scenario years, except in 2013 (Table 5).
Several sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the impact of infrastructure price, crop price, initial reservoir volume, maximum daily irrigation water volume, and the gap between actual and optimal yield, on net revenue.
A directly-coupled photovoltaic water pumping system (DC/PVPS) is generally designed by considering the worst month conditions on lowest daylight-hours, the maximum monthly daily required water volume and tank to store the excess water.
