However, when Ar >5, channels exhibit no velocity dip, i.e. the maximum water velocity appears at the top surface (Stearns 1883; Montes and Ippen 1973).
A practical finding in this study is the 0.33 ft/s (0.1 m/s) value of critical maximum water velocity for counter-current oil separation.
By decreasing the compression ratio of the hump, the maximum water velocity within the system decreased by 45%, while the maximum values of shear and vorticity decreased by 18% and 23%, respectively.
The water inlet to the swimming area was tangentially situated on the side of the outer tank so that it generated the maximum water velocity.
Maximum water inflow generated water velocities of 42 20 cm s-1 nearest the center, 73 58 cm s-1 in the middle of the stream and 97 81 cm s-1 furthest from the center.
The model showed that the maximum water depth could occur is 4.01 m and the highest water velocity is 11.75 m/s.
Within the discussed variation range of the cooling water velocities, the minimum entransy dissipation rate is 2.09% less than the maximum entransy dissipation rate.
The model predictions showed that for low-viscosity oils the maximum critical amplitude appears at slip velocity close to zero, while for high-viscosity oils, the maximum amplitude appears for water velocity higher than that of the oil.
