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Since Mixnodes have the same (and maximum) traffic volume, thus, by observing the traffic volume, the attacker cannot distinguish if a Mixnode is a sink or not.
For instance, for the Winnipeg case study, we intentionally extended the number of candidates to 100 flagged roads, by which the maximum traffic volume left on the network was found 50.
Parameters setup of the algorithm is as follows: The relative gap needed by Frank–Wolfe algorithm to solve a traffic assignment is conservatively considered to be 0.0001 [58]; As for the number of candidates in Phase 1, one can carry out the process until the maximum traffic volume left on the roads becomes insignificant.
Given network A and OD demand {q i, i ∊ I}, carry out traffic assignment to get traffic volume on all roads denoted by {x a, a ∊ A}; Step 1: Find a road a with maximum traffic volume (i.e., {x a = max(x ℓ), ℓ ∊ A}) and add it to the flagged set (a → A*).
For the latter, it should be noted that the theoretical maximum traffic volume a single lane road can support is given by the ratio of vehicle speed and vehicle spacing [ 37].
Assuming a speed limit of 25 mph, such as that of the test road, and a vehicle spacing of 12.2 meters (approximately two car lengths), the maximum traffic volume that can be obtained is 3,300 vehicles per hour.
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In terms of a cost effective management policy, the percentage of maximum allowed traffic volume must reflect to sufficient road exploitation.
Step 0: Set two target values for terminations: (a) (bar{n}): number of flagged roads to allocate sensor, (b) (bar{x}): maximum residual traffic volume.
We specify values of the target number of flagged roads and maximum residual traffic volume ((bar{x}) and (bar{n})) in the undertaken case studies.
Step 2: Find number of flagged roads and maximum residual traffic volume; if they are less than the target values ((bar{x}) and (bar{n})) and then go to step 1; otherwise, terminate the algorithm.
An algorithmic exposition of the method is provided as follows (a pictorial presentation of the algorithm is also provided in Fig. 1): Step 0: Set two target values for terminations: (a) (bar{n}): number of flagged roads to allocate sensor, (b) (bar{x}): maximum residual traffic volume.
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