During the second stage, hydrolysates with the maximum xylose content (160 °C, 90 min), the maximum xylobiose (X2) content (180 °C, 15 min), and the maximum total xylose content in monosaccharide and oligosaccharides (DP ≤ 6 °C160 °C, 60 min) were further conducted to produce furfural using Sn-MMT as the catalyst in the SBP/NaCl-DMSO system, respectively.
To understand the relationship between the hydrolysate composition and the furfural yields, three specific samples with the maximum xylose content (160 °C, 90 min), the maximum xylobiose (X2) content (180 °C, 15 min), and the maximum total xylose content in monosaccharide and oligosaccharides (DP ≤ 6 °C160 °C, 60 min) were selected for the following experiments.
Hydrolysates with the maximum xylose content (99.94 mg g−1, 160 °C, 90 min), the maximum xylobiose content (20.89 mg g−1, 180 °C, 15 min), and the maximum total xylose content in monosaccharide and oligosaccharides (DP ≤ 6) (272.06 mg g−1, 160 °C, 60 min) were further converted to furfural using tin-loaded montmorillonite as the catalyst in a biphasic system.
The maximum total phenol content in locally grown lemon was found in methanol extract and the minimum was obtained in butanol extract.
The maximum total lycopene content of 31.25 μg/g of raw tomato was extracted at the highest temperature of 100 °C, 40 MPa and 1.5 mL/min.
From the results found in this research it can be said that the maximum total chloride content for this specific matrix can be up to 1.8% of binder weight.
Therefore, the maximum total phenolic content in Curcuma zedoaria leaves can be obtained with optimum ethanol concentration and an extraction temperature of approximately 80 85 v/v% and 75 80 °C respectively.
A higher initial nitrate concentration of 1 g NaNO3 L-1 resulted in a higher cell density but also a lower maximum total carbohydrate content per DW (about 40% w/w; Table 1).
Maximum total phenolic content was recorded in SCEE (683.3±5.3 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract) while the lowest quantity was observed in SCAE (24.6±2.7 mg gallic acid equivalent /g dry extract).
The maximum total lipid content of 44.8% occurred when peptone was utilized as the nitrogen source, but the biomass concentration and specific growth rate were only 1.16 g L-1 and 0.552 d-1, respectively.
