Furthermore, maximum torque and stiffness of the humerus during torsional testing and serum osteocalcin levels were reduced by PCB126.
In addition, the maximum torque, torsional stiffness, angular displacement at maximum torque, and energy required for failure of specimens in the study group were 62%, 29%, 34.6%, and 124% higher, respectively, compared to the control at eight weeks [ 58].
PCB 126, a non-ortho coplanar PCB congener, impaired the mineralization process of tibiae in rats [ 33] and also reduced the collagen content and serum osteocalcin concentrations, resulting in impaired maximum torque and stiffness of the rat humerus [ 34].
SPECT had the strongest association with maximum torque and torsional stiffness and pQCT and SPECT with indentation stiffness, but these were not significantly different from DXA.
After 21 days of healing, both frequencies led to increased maximum torque and torsional stiffness compared with untreated controls (Wang et al. 1994).
The osteotomized tibiae showed significant lower values for maximum torque and torsional stiffness after 42 and also 84 days as compared to the fractured tibiae.
There was no significant difference in maximum torque or torsional stiffness in rat femora with LIPUS treatment (30 mW/cm) using a frequency of 0.5 MHz compared with 1.5 MHz.
Similar to the microCT data, biomechanical testing showed that NAC treatment significantly increases maximum torque at failure (MTF=36±9%(% contralateral)), torsional stiffness (TS=27±8 (% contralateral)) and energy to failure (ETF=68±19 (% contralateral)) of the regenerated bone of aged animals compared with the untreated group (MTF=12±3% P=0.023; TS=7±3% P=0.025; and ETF=16±6% P=0.013).
In torsion tests, the variables measured were stiffness, yield torque, yield torque angle, maximum torque and maximum torque angle.
Maximum torque was increased slightly, but more important, that torque became available at lower engine speeds.
