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Pond design involves several physical, hydrological, geometrical and dynamic variables to provide high hydrodynamic efficiency and maximum substrate utilization rates.
Activity is generally used to describe the maximum substrate utilization potential of targeted microorganisms in a community.
The three categories of maximum substrate utilization rates shown in Figure 1 are based on percentage utilization as shown here (approximately 80% utilization, 93% utilization and 100% utilization).
We report here one of the highest degrees of crystalline cellulose utilization observed thus far for a pure culture of C. thermocellum, the highest maximum substrate utilization rate and the highest amount of isobutanol produced by a wild-type organism.
The maximum substrate utilization rate at 100 g/L loading (about 2.9 g/L/h) is among the highest reported for a pure culture of C. thermocellum (2.5 g/L/h, [ 34]).
Estimation of the kinetic constants for carbon and ammonia utilization, such as half saturation concentration (K s ) and maximum substrate utilization rate (k), as well as determination of the growth kinetic constants such as yield coefficient (Y) and the endogenous decay coefficient (K d ) were done by applying Lawrence and McCarty's modified Monod equation [ 34].
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The maximum specific growth rates, ({hat{upmu }}) (d−1), maximum specific substrate utilization rates, (hat{q}) (gCOD gCOD−1 d−1 or gN gCOD−1 d−1), and yields, Y (gCOD gCOD−1 or gCOD gN−1), were determined by parameter fitting (Reichert et al. 1995; Wild et al. 1995).
The maximum specific substrate utilization rate, half-saturation constant and inhibition constant of N2H4 were 25.09 mg N/g VSS/d, 10.42 mg N/L and 1393.88 mg N/L, respectively.
The maximum specific substrate utilization rate (k) represents the substrate utilization rate per day per unit biomass corresponding to µ max.
The maximum specific substrate utilization rate (k) can be calculated from the slope of Fig. 3, provided the biomass density of the biofilm reactor is known.
Utilization of a nucleoside diphosphate substrate by template-dependent polymerases is very unusual.
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