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Therefore, it is clarified that thickness of conduit should be increased with 0.4 mm at least to make the maximum stress less than the fatigue limit without major changes for the radial build.
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As shown in the figure, the steel arch stress with tunneling converges very fast, and the stress is small with a maximum stress of less than 100 MPa.
Because we applied the maximum stress at less than threefold greater than the expected vertical stress, we were unable to determine such a large magnitude of SHmaxas obtained by the HFT at HTJ, even if it was memorized in the rocks.
When the normalized radius of the gasket is increased from 0.5 to 0.85, the maximum stress is only less than 0.1 MPa, and the deformation is only 0.01 μm.
The model test shows that the maximum stress in the joint is less than the material allowable stress and the maximal stress induced from the secondary moment accounts for about 30% of the total stress.
The obtained environmental reduction factors are found to be in accordance with the penalty factors used in BS 7608 provided that the maximum stress in the cycle is less than 94% of the yield stress for the material.
The condition that the maximum stress within the links be less than the link strength leads to a criterion for transition from localized failure (involving failure of the links at small strains) to delocalized failure (with distributed damage and large plastic strains occurring via link displacement).
The recorded maximum stresses were comparatively less in comparison to the other sutures for both the models (Fig. 8: IIIA-IIIB and Table 2).
Through the simulation analysis, flat TV landing impact stress is far less than the maximum stress of liner can bear.
The computational models incorporating the Johnson Cook damage model could predict the plateau stress and maximum stress at the first peak with less than 18% error.
A fracture will follow the direction of the in-situ maximum principal stress as the applied internal hydraulic pressure in the fracture is less than the maximum stress, otherwise, the fracture will try to follow its initial azimuth and yield a propagation direction path between its initial azimuth and the direction of the in-situ maximum principal stress.
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