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The maximum strains and equivalent elastic stresses could be reduced by a factor of about 3 as compared to a direct W/steel joint.
To this end, fatigue tests are conducted on dry and swollen rubber specimens at various maximum strains and a zero strain ratio.
The size dependence and strain rate sensitivity are characterized in terms of the failure pattern, dynamic compressive strength, ultimate strain, maximum strains, and toughness.
To simplify the design procedure, a set of easy-to-use relations for the calculation of maximum strains and their position along the pipeline axis is supplied.
A comparison of predicted maximum strains and deformed configurations to the finite element analyses (FEA) and experimental results elucidates the validity of the developed model.
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Maximum strain and deflection values for various gaps in (b) and (c) are their maximum achievable values right before the pull-in occur.
Results showed that the maximum strain and the overall strain profile differed between the 2 stems.
The maximum contact force, maximum strain, and the absorbed energy were evaluated in each test.
The relationship between fatigue life and maximum engineering stress, maximum strain and strain energy density were studied.
At intermediate temperatures a stress-dependent peak evolves in both the maximum strain and polarization.
The elastic recovery of uEs was calculated using the equation: Elastic recovery = (εmax − ε0)/εmax, where εmax and ε0, respectively, represent the maximum strain and the strain at 0 MPa in each cycle.
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