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It is established that given the stimulation intensity limits of TMS, not all individuals will experience phosphenes even at the maximum stimulation output (see for example Kammer et al, Cowey & Walsh, Silvanto et al, Kammer et al, Boroojerdi et al, Gerwig et al, Kammer & Baumann, Sparing et al ).
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Daily sessions consisted of 10-min stimulation at 60% maximum stimulator output.
In some patients, the threshold was either very high or could not be determined; here, magnetic stimulation at the maximum stimulator output was used.
Resting motor threshold (RMT) was determined using a staircase method and was defined as the lowest stimulation intensity (% of maximum stimulator output) evoking a clearly discernable MEP in four of eight consecutive stimuli.
The mean motor threshold (RMT) was 53.3% (SD 7.15) of the maximum stimulator output intensity; hence mean stimulation intensity for the experiment was 63.9% (SD 8.62).
Resting motor threshold (RMT) was determined using a staircase method and was defined as the lowest stimulation intensity (percentage of maximum stimulator output) evoking a MEP >50 μV in at least four of eight consecutive stimuli.
This procedure resulted in stimulation intensities of 48 61% of maximum stimulator output.
The average stimulation intensity was 63.25% of maximum stimulator output (range 58%66%%).
Eleven stimulation intensity levels were defined around this threshold (five above and five below in 2% increments of maximum stimulator output) for each participant and ten stimuli were given at each level (random order) and the frequency of phosphene elicitation at each stimulation intensity level was recorded.
All stimulation was delivered using a Magstim 70 mm figure of eight coil with pulses generated by a Magstim Rapid Stimulator (Magstim Inc., Dyfed, U.K., maximum stimulator output of 1.5 T).
Mean rMT was 50±SD 9% of maximum stimulator output.
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