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Field observations conducted on oil platforms in the Bohai Sea revealed that the offshore jacket structures, which can withstand the maximum static ice force, might suffer from severe vibrations when ice sheets pass through the legs of the structure.
On the basis of field observations about such an ice cover failure in the Hongqipao reservoir, Heilongjiang province, China, and by the use of laboratory tests simulating the ice action, this paper presents the failure process and mechanism of how an ice-breaking trench restricts the maximum static ice pressure by lowering the ultimate failure strength of the ice cover.
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Static ice loads (ice actions) are a key design parameter for dams in cold climates.
Originally, the jacket platforms were designed to withstand the extreme static ice force.
This is because Fig. 6 also includes the static friction before it reaches the maximum static friction force.
For these films, maximum static water contact angle was 164°.
When the input exceeded the maximum static friction, an overshoot response was initiated, and the input was again integrated to reach the maximum static friction.
The internal ice resistance is formulated with a viscous plastic constitutive law, in which the pressure term is formulated by modifying the Coulomb-type constitutive relationship for static ice jams.
The solid line is the characteristic of maximum static friction and kinetic friction.
BMI = body mass index, ERT = enzyme replacement therapy, FVC = forced vital capacity, FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in one second, MIP = maximum static inspiratory pressure, MEP = maximum static expiratory pressure.
This FRMs' disc performed enough static properties compared to normal disc, with maximum static compressive stiffness 4030 ± 612 N/mm, torsional rigidity 2.8 ± 0.3 Nm/deg, and shear stiffness 205 ± 22.1 N/mm.
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