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In the presence of FA, the determined maximum specific consumption rate of oxygen was 2.1 mmol/g-DW/h, which corresponds to a 4-fold decrease when compared with the condition where no FA was supplemented (Table 1).
The maximum specific consumption rate of L-arabinose was 0.49 g h−1 g−1 DCW.
In defined medium (YNB) the volumetric production and consumption rates (q i and q s ), the maximum specific consumption rates of xylose (r xyl ) and glucose (r glc ), as well as the biomass yield per consumed substrate (Y x/s ) were calculated through linear regression according to Equations 1 4.
After 120 h of fermentation, 18.6 g L−1 L-arabinose had been consumed with a maximum specific consumption rate of 0.7 g h−1 g−1 DCW; 6.9 g L−1 ethanol had been produced, and the ethanol yield was 0.43 g g−1; only 0.13 g L−1 L-arabitol had accumulated.
(1) q i = dC i dt, q s = dC s dt (2) r xyl = d C xyl / C x dt (3) r glc = d d C glc / dt d C x (4) Y x / s = d C x d C s, tot (5) Y i / s = q i q s (6) Y i / x = d C i d C x (7) μ max = r s · Y x / s (8) r i = μ max · Y i / x In complex medium all calculations were made as described above except for the maximum specific consumption rate of glucose which could not be determined accurately enough.
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As a result, the maximum specific glucose consumption rate (2.71 ± 0.04 g/g DW/h) was about 2.5 times faster than the maximum specific D-xylose consumption rate (1.10 ± 0.00 g/g DW/h), which was reached just after glucose was completely exhausted (Table 1).
The results showed that in terms of the maximum specific CO consumption rates (qmaxCO) of WT, MC01, MC02, and WTC156T the optimum activities can be achieved by maintaining the CL levels at 0.56 mM, 0.52 mM, 0.58 mM, and 0.75 mM, respectively.
However, the maximum specific glucose consumption rate was slightly higher in the parent strain (1.4-fold) (Table 1).
The maximum specific L-arabinose consumption rate is 0.27 g h−1 g−1 DCW, and the maximum ethanol yield is 0.43 g g−1 L-arabinose consumed, which is 84.3% of the theoretical amount.
The best-performing strain, GS1.11-26, showed a maximum specific D-xylose consumption rate of 1.1 g/g DW/h in synthetic medium, with complete attenuation of 35 g/L D-xylose in about 17 h.
In synthetic medium with D-xylose as a sole carbon source, the GS1.11-26 showed showed a maximum specific D-xylose consumption rate at least 15 times higher than the previous industrial strain BWY10Xyl expressing the same codon-optimized C. phytofermentans XI [ 27].
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