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Conversely, the maximum slope and standard deviation decrease as the SNR increases, but the maximum slope changes more rapidly.
Moreover, when the SNR is less than 15dB, skewness changes slowly while the maximum slope changes rapidly.
On the other hand, when the SNR is higher than 15dB, the skewness changes rapidly but the maximum slope changes slowly.
The maximum slope changes in industrial areas show the highest magnitudes ranging from 14.3 to 23.8 mm/year, and those in residential areas have the lowest magnitudes, while the subsidence rates in agricultural and commercial areas reveal medium maximum slope changes.
For more comprehensive understanding of the uneven subsidence, the maximum slope changes of subsidence rates (mm/year) along different sections (being divided by the black vertical lines in Fig. 5) of the selected highways and the railway line are estimated from the subsidence rate profiles and are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 Maximum slope changes of subsidence rates (mm/year) along different sections of the selected highways and the railway line Name Industrial area Commercial area Agricultural area Residential area Xiqing road (AA′) 14.3 8.2 – 9.7 Zhongbei road (BB′) 23.3 – – 9.2 Jinjing road (CC′) 14.4 – 16.7 – South Haitai road (DD′) 23.8 14.5 – – Jinpu railway (EE′) 22.3 122.3– 22.3
Similar(54)
Since the skewness and maximum slope change more rapidly than the kurtosis and standard deviation, they better reflect changes in SNR.
The maximum slope of fluorescence change was determined by calculating the first derivative using Felix software (Photon Technology International).
The algorithm uses a maximum-slope edge-detection technique, beginning in the vessel lumen and detecting the first maximum slope of the change in signal for the near and far walls, and repeating the analysis to identify the media adventitia interface.
Tumour BF, calculated with the maximum slope method, and percentage change were measured in 23 patients (14 male; median age 59 years).
Using exhaustive search, forms with minimum and maximum sensitivity to slope change are found for trusses with 2 × 2 through 2 × 8 layers under worst static load condition, represented by the lowest eigenvalue of the least-squares equilibrium matrix.
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