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Maximum scour depth increased with increase in flow depth or velocity.
Hence, prediction of the maximum scour depth is of great importance for the protection of these structures.
Thus, it is important to identify the maximum scour depth to ensure that the designed buried depth is adequate.
The results showed that an increase of the bend radius causes a decrease in the value of the maximum scour depth.
It is promising to observe that the GA model predicts the maximum scour depth equally well as that of empirical model of Dey and Raikar [1].
The observations showed that the channel curvature is an important parameter to classify the scour morphology and directly affects the position of the maximum scour depth.
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Finally, an empirical formula of predicting the gravel channel maximum scouring depth was developed and tested with the experimental data.
The maximum energy head and momentum express the maximum scoured depth and length, but the overflow type, free or submerged, also greatly affects the scour characteristics.
Large woody debris (LWD) reduces the flow area, deviate the flow and increases the velocity in correspondence of the bridge pier, therefore increases the maximum scour hole depth and accelerates sediment removal.
One of the most important problems for designers is the estimation of maximum local scour depth in the vicinity of groynes.
Finally, considering that the load bearing capacity of a pier basically depends on the area of its cross-section, a comparison of the maximum induced scour depth and volume by the cylinder arrays and the solid cylinder with equal solid cross-sectional area is presented, in order to introduce an alternative pier configuration that induces less scour.
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