From the profile ordinate data read at 1 μm intervals, a number of surface roughness parameters – centre line average, root-mean-square roughness, maximum height, maximum mean peak height, maximum mean depth, and absolute average asperity slope were calculated using a computer program.
Surface roughness is characterized by parameters including the root-mean-square roughness, the maximum roughness depth, and the mean spacing of the local peaks of the profile [20].
Higher cation concentration produced gels a with higher quadratic mean of the surface roughness and maximum roughness height.
Higher cation concentration produced gels with a higher quadratic mean of the surface roughness and maximum roughness height.
The specifications for the implants in this study were, according to the -manufacturer, a mean surface roughness of 41 µ and a maximum roughness depth of 445 µ.
There is a linear correlation between the quadratic mean of the surface roughness and the maximum roughness height (R = 0.98) (Fig. 3).
This is not so obvious for the surface optical profilometer images, but calculation of surface roughness parameters reveals that higher concentration of cations produced gels with a higher quadratic mean of the surface roughness and maximum roughness height (Table 3).
The time for each bacterium to complete the change (smooth to corrugated) was more consistent; 50% of the maximum roughness increase occurred within 52 ± 16 s after the onset of roughness change.
Further surface roughness is maximum for 60° and minimum for 75° incidences, respectively.
At 500 °C annealing temperature roughness reaches the maximum value.
