Maximum root-zone temperatures over the 63-d treatment period averaged 16·9 ± 0·3 °C for the cool, 22·6 ± 0·5 °C for the ambient and 24·8 ± 0·4 °C for the warm treatment, while minimum root-zone temperatures averaged 13·3 ± 0·3, 17·8 ± 0·5 °C and 22·6 ± 0·2 °C, respectively.
Short IPED guarantees more water in the maximum root density zone.
Decay factor of transmissivity (m), Block average roughness coefficient (n0), and Saturated transmissivity (T0) were identified through trial-and-error calibration while the maximum storage capacities at root zone were presumed based on literature values.
The maximum storage capacity of the root zone (Srzmax) is assigned to each grid cell based on the soil properties and the root depths according to the land cover maps (Hapuarachchi et al. 2004b).
The SCE-UA algorithm of Duan et al. (1994) was adopted to calibrate five essential parameters of BTOPMC; they are saturated soil transmissivity T 0, decay factor m, maximum storage capacity of the root zone Srmax, saturated local saturation deficit Sbar0(k) of sub-basin k and Manning roughness coefficient n, the former four of which are for runoff generation and the other for flow routing.
Fe(II) mobilization was congruent to that of the peripheral edge of the aerobic root zone, demonstrating that the Fe(II) mobilization maximum only developed in a narrow O2 range as the oxidation front penetrates the reducing soil.
The modification eliminates the inconsistencies by limiting transpiration to a maximum value based on the highest uncompensated uptake rate in the root zone.
In contrast, Figure 6 shows that, in regions of the root zone aerobic/anaerobic interface, where the Fe(II) flux maxima was not observed, there is a diffusion gradient of Fe(II) from the bulk soil toward the redox interface.
Maximum rooting depths are assumed to be invariant in time, but the distribution of roots within each root zone is allowed to vary on a day-by-day basis.
An impermeable layer must be located below, but near, the root zone of the crop so that water is trapped in the root zone.
