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Simulations show that the energy efficiency of TCP can be improved by adjusting the lower layer parameter, e.g., frame size and maximum retransmission time.
In this section, we depict the in influence of the frame length and the maximum retransmission time N arq to the energy efficiency of TCP traffic.
We focus on energy efficiency of TCP traffic which is determined by relay selection and transmission parameters in the lower layer, e.g., the length of frame, the modulation and the maximum retransmission time.
where x n (t) is the n th relay state at time t, a n ( t ) ∈ A = { 0, 1 }, L fr (t) is the frame size and N arq (t) is the maximum retransmission time.
Therefore, the average 802.11p packet transmission delay T11p with maximum retransmission time R is given by T 11 p = ( 1 − FER ) ∗ T delay 11 p ( 0 ) + FER ( 1 − FER ) ∗ T delay 11 p ( 1 ) + ⋯ + FER R − 1 ( 1 − FER ) ∗ T delay 11 p ( R − 1 ).
After that, the data transmission begins for t th time slot with the selected relay R n j * with the length of link layer frame being L f r j ( t ) and the maximum retransmission time being N a r q j ( t ).
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DEALING WITH RETRANSMISSION No. No. No. No. Yes: the maximum retransmission time-out of TCP is modified to 2 second instead of 240 second.
Nevertheless, it should be noted that they also changed the maximum retransmission time-out of TCP in their simulations in order to let TCP probe the route quickly, setting it to 2 s as opposed to the 240 s given in RFC 1122 [14].
In contrast, the optimal scheme proposed adapts the maximum retransmission times m when the traffic load changes with the variation of packet sizes, and the system throughput is seen to increase further.
With the fixed maximum retransmission times, Fig. 8a shows that the throughput of the non-optimal scheme starts to decrease when the packet size is beyond 1000 bytes, i.e., when the system load reaches certain level.
As a known path, the HRP hop counts, which can be obtained when the network addresses of the source and destination devices are given, must be no less than the shortest path, and it can be used as the maximum retransmission times of the routing request.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com