The maximum removal rates have been observed at an acidic pH.
Maximum removal rates for synthetic and industrial effluents of 83% and 92.1% were obtained.
The removal efficiency for NH4+-N, NO3−-N and PO43−-P reached as high as 95%, 53% and 89%, whereas the maximum removal rates were 3.41 mg/L-day, 0.20 mg/L-day and 0.8 mg/L-day, respectively.
Results showed that the maximum removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+, NO2−, total suspended solids (TSS), PO4−, and Escherichia coli were up to 100%, 99%, 97%, 97%, 87%, and 98%, respectively.
The removal efficiencies of atrazine (ATZ), chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphorus (PO43--P) and nitrogen (NOx) in optimum condition was more than 95%, 99 %, 98 and 97%and97 the maximum removal rates were 9.5 × 10−3, 99.231, 11.773 and 7.762 mg/L-day, respectively.
Based on the fuzzy membership of Pareto set it was possible to select the narrowest 95% confidence intervals with maximum removal rates (Y1 = 90.5 ± 2.2 and Y2 = 88.3 ± 2.7), obtained at x* = [7.9, 5.6 l min−1, 18.4 g h−1].
The maximum removal rate of carbon is 93.20 ± 0.05%.
It maintained this maximum removal rate over a period, and then decreased sharply thereafter.
The highest nitrate removal rate coincided with maximum removal rate of NA and was 3164.7 mg L−1 h−1.
The maximum removal rate occurred at biosorbent dose 0.1 g, biosorbent size 0.250 mm, initial concentration 100 mg/l, temperature 30 °C and contact time 240 min.
The apparent half-saturation constant (Km) and maximum removal rate (Jmax) were 43.8 mg L−1 and 4.11 g m−2 d−1 for these sediments.
