Solving this problem requires both the development of a highly rigid needle that does not bend during skin breakthrough and the testing of needle tips to determine which shape produces the lowest maximum puncture reaction force during skin breakthrough.
In contrast, in ripened fruit, maximum puncture firmness and maximum tensile force were both significantly higher in PG1as-41 apples compared to the 'Royal Gala' control.
At harvest, there were no significant differences in maximum puncture firmness or maximum tensile force between the 'Royal Gala' control and PG1as-41 apples.
The puncture force and time for the first puncture significantly decreased with the increasing insertion velocity.
The puncture force generated at the mutation point where the tissue surface was breached.
A puncture test performed both perpendicularly and parallel to the long axis of the tubers was used and the mechanical resistance expressed by puncture force (N) and puncture energy (mJ).
Simulations performed with the calibrated material models described accurate results in terms of puncture force, puncture energy and failure mechanisms for both investigated polymers.
Both image and force data are utilized to determine important parameters such as the approximate cutting force, puncture force, the local effective modulus (LEM) during puncture, and the relaxation of tissue.
The interaction between the starch/PBAT and the TA has a positive effect on the tensile strength and puncture force.
We determined that the friction between scales is negligible and therefore it does not contribute to increasing puncture force.
