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The rest of the elements were identified in the overall spectral summation and the maximum pixel intensity spectra and confirmed with XRF spot analysis.
The chemical elements detected by the instrument were identified in each scan by examining the overall spectral summation and the maximum pixel intensity spectra [26].
being the mean square error between monochromatic images with size M · N and IpMAX the maximum pixel intensity in the frame.
The Bruker instrument software package was used to acquire the data and to identify the elements detected in each scan by examining the overall spectral summation and the maximum pixel intensity spectra [29].
Regions of interest were drawn around tissues of interest and uptake ratio calculated as the maximum pixel intensity in the tumour divided by the average uptake in a mediastinal background region, liver or kidneys, as appropriate.
Since our micro-CT system does not provide the CT images in Hounsfield unit (HU), we have normalized all the original (uncorrected) reconstructed images so that the maximum pixel intensity is 1.0 with arbitrary unit.
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Regional radioactivity concentrations (KBq/cm3 or µCi/cm3) were estimated from the maximum pixel intensities within regions of interest (ROIs) drawn around the tumor or organ on trans-axial slices of the reconstructed image sets.
A 70-pixel diameter circle was drawn around each schizont and the minimum, average and maximum pixel intensities were acquired in ImageJ and manipulated in Microsoft Excel and Prism (Graphpad Software).
We applied this procedure to 40 labeled and 10 unlabeled (treatment-specific control) animals for each PQ treatment and calculated final ROS levels as the difference between average maximum pixel intensities (across z-stacks for each individual) for labeled and control worms.
To calculate intensity of individual cell soma, region-of-interests (ROIs) were placed over all cell somata in the slice and the nine most intense pixels for a given cell was averaged, background-subtracted, and a threshold of 2 times the difference between the background maximum and minimum pixel intensity was applied, using ImageJ software.
This value was obtained using the same method as Gomes and Fisher [16]: (1) where Lmax and Lmin are the maximum and minimum pixel intensities of a given image region.
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