The research results indicate that: (1) with increasing the heat generation rates from 0.15 to 0.6 W/mm3, the maximum temperature within the pellet increases by 99.3% and the maximum radial displacement at the outer surface of the pellet increases by 94.3%.
Thus, the maximum stress locates on the outer surface of the hinge.
The maximum field enhancement at the outer surface of the Au shell in NSNE is E s-max = 14.15, whereas that of the Au-silica-Au nanoshells is E s-max = 5.08.
An idealized beam model of the excised radius revealed that in the area of the distal radius where Colles fractures occur, 99.99% of the maximum strain on the bone outer surface was the result of pure compressive loading.
Analyses are concentrated on the circumferential temperature distribution on the cladding outer surface because the Maximum Cladding Surface Temperature (MCST) has been a crucial design parameter to evaluate fuel cladding integrity of the Super Fast Reactor.
Under optimized design and operating conditions, the micro-TPV device produces 5.2 W with an overall efficiency of 2.1% and an emitter efficiency of 37%, indicating the maximum temperature of the micro-emitter outer surface up to 1408 K.
It was revealed that the maximum circumferential temperature difference on the outer surface of the absorber under the worst flux distribution was 2 times that under ideal flux distribution, which could cause serious thermal strain and affect the photo-thermal conversion process.
It's found that there is a certain hysteresis between the maximum temperature of inner surface and that of outer surface, because of two different heat sources undergone by the inner and outer surfaces of the weld, as well as relative motion between induction coil and welded pipe.
When stems bend in the wind, the maximum bending and axial stress occurs at the outer surface, close to the cambium, in the lower part of the stem (Mergen, 1954; Petty & Worrell, 1981; Morgan & Cannell, 1994; Chiba, 2000).
This method by principle accounts for the excess adhered mortar present on the outer surface of recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) while calculating maximum packing density and consequently minimize the requirement of fresh mortar.
