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The coefficient of friction varied from ∼0.2 to ∼0.3, depending on the maximum normal load and being lower for films of the first type.
It is shown that the most probable direction of propagation of a vertical internal crack of fixed size is strongly dependent on its location with respect to the axis of maximum normal load and the free surface.
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This paper presents an empirical method to determine the maximum normal wind load on a set of frames of an open-frame structure, plus the wind angle at which it occurs and the corresponding load on the orthogonal frame set.
The average values of the coefficient of friction of four scratched at the same maximum constant normal load was used to estimate the friction behavior of the samples.
The fatigue life of SNC Ti under 90° OP loading is shorter than that under IP loading, which is attributed to the fact that both the maximum shear stress and maximum normal stress under 90° OP loading are larger than that under IP loading at the same cyclic equivalent stress amplitude.
In order to directly check the wind load combination effects, the maximum normal stresses in column members of simple frame models are examined, and a wind load combination factor is proposed.
In CB3 beams, the applied load causes 360 Mpa maximum normal stresses and 188 Mpa maximum shear stresses.
The waterline main belt was 8 feet high, 3 feet of which was above the waterline at normal load, and had a maximum thickness of 18 inches.
The waterline main belt of Asahi consisted of Harvey armour 2.44 m high, of which 1.11 m was above the waterline at normal load, and had a maximum thickness of 9 inches for the middle 68.28 m of the ship.
The macroscopic notch toughness characterized by the ratio of fracture load to general yield load (Pf/Pgy) of the notched specimens with two notch geometries loaded in the two loading modes at various loading rates can be predicated by the maximum normal stress criteria (σyymax⩾σF).
The maximum normal stresses in column members were also examined to discuss the wind load combination of the along-wind, across-wind, uplift, and three moments.
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