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Although the orthotropic methodology using harmonic fields works well for the edentulous mandible [ 7], when there are teeth on the mandible, the direction of the longitudinal field of mandibular bone near the alveolar ridge region is not compatible with the real trajectory of maximum material stiffness, as shown in Figure 2(a).
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The material stiffness is the slope of the unloading curve at the maximum penetration depth, and, the minimum of the retraction curve is the force needed to overcome the adhesion between the sample and the probe.
Uniaxial stress strain testing of autologous rectus fascia before and after implantation in rabbit vagina and anterior abdominal wall showed no significant decrease of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) (the maximum stress a material can take before failing) and Young's modulus (YM) (material stiffness), at twelve weeks after implantation [ 19, 20].
Tensile mechanical analysis of dried fibres formed under precisely controlled drawing conditions revealed a material stiffness of 4.4 ± 1.2 GPa, comparable to silkworm silk and Nylon®20, and a maximum stress and strain of 101.9 ± 20.1 MPa and 3.5 ± 1.2%, respectively (n = 18; Supplementary Fig. 1).
The Resilient Modulus (MR) is a measure of sub-grade material stiffness.
With depleting material stiffness values, the performance of all designs diminished.
H was a factor to control the degradation of the material stiffness.
However, the material stiffness is more complicated since a soil-pipe interaction takes place.
The appliance manufacturing process increases material stiffness by incorporating bends and edges into the aligner.
The stiffness matrix for an element is related to both the shape and size of the element, as well as to its material stiffness.
Neurite length may not be significantly influenced after a certain threshold of material stiffness is reached.
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