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The diode exhibits a maximum luminous efficiency of 1.60 cd/A, a maximum luminance of 3267 cd/m2 and the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinate of (0.32, 0.34) very close to the pure white point of (0.33, 0.33).
The device with 11% doping concentration of (DMDPI 2Ir tftap) exhibited a maximum luminance of 6304 cd m−2, a maximum luminous efficiency of 7.14 cd A−1, a power efficiency of 3.63 lm W−1, and an external quantum efficiency of 2.59%.
The device from PFG03 IrR07 shows a maximum luminous efficiency (LE) of 5.3 cd/A, a maximum luminance of 9900 cd/m2 at a current density of 453 mandm2 and a CIE coordinate of (0.32, 0.34) with the configuration: ITO/PEDOT PSS/PVK/emissive layer/CsF/Al.
A device with the structure of ITO/NPB/ABCV-P/BCP/Alq3/Liq/Al showed an EL spectrum which peaked at 586.5 nm at 8 V, with a maximum luminance of 3320 cd/m2 at 687 mandm2 and a maximum luminous efficiency of 0.703 cd/A at 7.7 mA/cm2.
A maximum luminous efficiency of 0.86 cd/A and a luminance of 228 cd/m2 were achieved by the 1 wt% doped device.
The device, with a new iridium III) complex doping concentration of 0.15%, exhibited a maximum luminous efficiency as high as 41.6 cd/A at 5 V, CIE coordinates of (0.34, 0.46), a maximum luminance of 25,010 cd/m2, and a maximum power efficiency of 28.9 lm/W, respectively.
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The maximum luminous efficiencies are 2.08, 1.25, and 0.3 cd/A for device 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
The maximum luminous efficiencies of devices A, B, C, and D were 17.99, 19.46, 19.95, and 18.24 cd/A, and the maximum quantum efficiencies of devices A, B, C, and D were 9.08%, 10.02%, 10.05%, and 8.72%, respectively.
As the elevated temperature negatively affects the maximum luminous output, efficiency, light quality, reliability and the lifetime of the SSL systems, thermal management is a key design aspect for LED products.
The maximum luminance and external luminous efficiency can reach 3702 cd/m2 and 0.83 cd/A, respectively, which were higher than those of device with PVK (1999 cd/m2 and 0.68 cd/A), which can be partly explained by the more balanced carrier injection and transportation and longer lifetime of excitons in P-Ct TPD IrMDPP.
Until today, 25% was believed to be the maximum level of luminous efficiency achievable.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com