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Then the reconciled measurements are obtained by maximum likelihood, subject to the process constraints.
The likelihood ratio is LR = -2ln[l (θ|y)/l (θr|y)], where l (θ|y) is the maximum of the likelihood function when fitted to a full set of parameters and l (θr|y) is the maximum likelihood, subject to the restriction that r parameters were constrained to fixed values.
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Specifically, we used a parametric extraction of maximum likelihood but subjected the covariance matrix to bootstraps to correct for the influence of non-normality [ 26].
We first propose a delay-tolerant adjustable code matrices optimization (DT-ACMO) algorithm based on the maximum likelihood (ML) criterion subject to constraints on transmitted power at the relays for different cooperative systems.
GMDR reduces high-dimensional genetic data to a single dimension, explores interaction model through cross validation, and calculates score-based statistics of each subject using maximum likelihood estimates to classify subjects into two different groups (either high-risk or low-risk group).
A phylogenetic tree based on maximum likelihood estimation for each subject's sequences was generated using PAUP as previously described [24].
When the maximum likelihood phylograms from each subject's sequences were assessed for compartmentalization between genital and blood viruses the outcome varied across the four assays.
Once maximum likelihood estimates of the subject's specific slope and intercept have been determined, an approach very similar to the Snap-shot rule can be used to determine the suitable time for scheduling the next measurement, i.e. the nearest likely time when a new observation will reach the decision threshold with a given probability.
All mixed model analyses employed a restricted maximum likelihood estimation method, included subject id as a random effect and survey time to create individual random slopes.
In such scenarios, maximum likelihood estimators based on subjects with observed disease status are generally biased.
Alignments were subject to maximum likelihood (ML) analysis by PhyML [ 20] with a WAG substitution matrix and 9 rate categories.
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