Since Maximum Likelihood incorporates the "maximization" step and uses hill-climbing approach, reaching only to local minima can be guaranteed.
The usual method of using maximum likelihood estimation incorporating censoring may not always work.
Maximum likelihood analyses incorporating the effects of known covariates (sex, year of birth and birth weight) revealed no evidence of hormonal transfer, mirror imaging or twin specific effects.
Maximum likelihood models incorporating rate variation allow us to evaluate the contribution to rate variation of gene insertions/deletions between informational genes and non-informational genes.
Because our preliminary meta-analyses found significant heterogeneity between studies, we used a random effects approach with a restricted maximum likelihood estimate, incorporating an estimate of variation between studies into the calculation of the common effect.
Phylogenetic trees were produced with a maximum likelihood method incorporating the GTR+ G+I model of nucleotide substitution, with the general time-reversible (GTR) substitution matrix, the base composition, the gamma distribution of among-site rate variation, and the proportion of invariant sites (I) all estimated from the data.
For the arbitrarily selected tree shown in Figure 2, we obtained leaf node sequences in the simulation and estimated an evolutionary distance for each sequence pair by Maximum Likelihood, either incorporating α AB or setting α equal to 1.0 (equation (16)).
Parameters for the mixed models were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood method incorporated in PROC MIXED (SAS, 2005; SAS 9.1.3).
Instead, De Luca and Perotti [31] applied the idea of simple estimators by Lewbel [32] and proposed a maximum likelihood (ML) estimation incorporating binary selection and ordered responses.
Recently, Le and Gascuel [ 6] improved the maximum likelihood method by incorporating the variability of evolutionary rates across sites into the estimation process.
