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To reduce maximum knee abduction moments, reducing either the GRF magnitude or its frontal plane moment arm is necessary [13].
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‡Depth perception, visual acuity, visual contrast sensitivity, grip strength, maximum knee extension, hip abduction, maximum triceps extension, chair stand, foot tapping, uses arms to stand up.
For each trial, peak (maximum) stance phase values of knee abduction moment were determined.
The primary mechanistic outcome is maximal knee compressive force; secondary outcomes include internal knee abduction moment and AP shear force [ 55- 59].
If the subjects in these previous studies had been split into low-risk and high risk categories similar to the current study, larger reductions in knee abduction torque may have been observed, especially in athletes trained with plyometrics who reduced their maximum coronal plane knee torque by 36% (12.5 Nm but was not significant) [ 12].
We observed this pattern in hip abduction/flexion and knee abduction angle at peak, and hip abduction/flexion angle, hip abduction moment, knee flexion angle, and knee abduction moment at initial contact.
Group differences for hip abduction angle and knee abduction moment at initial contact were found.
A statistically significant main effect for time across all groups was observed for the following variables at initial contact: hip flexion angle, hip abduction moment, knee abduction, and knee abduction moment (p ≤ 0.05; Tables 2 & 3).
A main effect for time was also found for peak for hip flexion, hip abduction moment, knee flexion and abduction angle, knee abduction moment, and vGRF where p < 0.05 (Table 4).
Landing in the toe-out position decreased peak hip adduction, knee abduction, and knee internal rotation angles (all p < 0.001).
Knee abduction moment was significantly smaller from posttest-2 to retention (p = 0.01).
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