In this case, with a maximum incident average power on the SLM of 600 mW, the largest illumination area obtainable with enough signal for 30 ms exposure time is 8100 µm at 40X magnification with a peak irradiance of 40 GW/cm.
As shown in Fig. 1(b) the aperture scan through the laser introduces a Gaussian intensity-profile, where 0.9 mW (r=0) and 0.3mW (r=+3.5mm) are the maximum and minimum incident powers at the subject's pupil.
Ω defines the maximum fraction of incident power that can be coupled into the dipole mode of a single emitter.
Briefly, as illustrated in Fig. 2, each leg was illuminated by the diffused output of a 500 mW, 785 nm laser diode with a maximum tissue-surface incident power density <1.9 mW/cm.
PCE of photovoltaic devices is calculated as the ratio between the maximum power P max generated by a solar cell and the incident power P in Eq. 1.
The total incident power on the eye is limited by the maximum permissible exposure defined by the laser safety standards [ 31, 32]; hence, maintaining the axial resolution brings a penalty in signal strength or sensitivity, respectively, which increases with the light source bandwidth.
The transverse spot size was ~12 µm full width at half maximum (FWHM) measured in air with a beam profiling camera and the incident power was 1.6 mW.
In this study, given 1-W incident power and 2 mm beam diameter, the laser irradiance was ~32 W/cm and the maximum exposure duration for safety limit was ~0.1 s.
The incident power on the cornea was adjusted to 610 µW, which is for this wavelength below the maximum exposure limit, given by laser safety standards.
The spiral antenna can be used over a wide range of RF incident power densities, where the goal for the power management is to optimally load the rectenna at the DC output to achieve maximum harvested power [5].
