This study presents the effects of impact energy, impactor mass and impact velocity on the maximum contact force, maximum deflection, contact time, absorbed energy, and overall damage area of glass/epoxy laminated composites, experimentally and numerically.
Furthermore, 97 % of the impactor mass is located above the load cell.
The net change of the atmospheric mass is given as, and normalized with the total impactor mass in the plot.
The impactor mass for the onset of the atmosphere and vapor cloud loss is assumed to be midep, under which the equality in the inequality (16) holds with the impactor-vapor mass relation (19) and the velocity-energy relation (20).
The closed form solution formulas for determining crater depth, radius and ejected mass being functions of impactor mass, speed and material of both impactor and target is provided.
These three parameters (impactor mass, impact velocity and impact angle) and the mass of the target body are determined for each impact in the N-body accretion simulations.
The effects of various involved parameters, such as graded property profile, impactor velocity, impactor mass, boundary conditions, thermal environment and impact position are studied in detail.
The behaviour of composites under low-velocity impact was defined mainly by the initial impact energy, rather than impact velocity or impactor mass.
