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At a constant temperature, both the maximum impact force and the energy absorption exhibit apparent increase with increasing impact velocity.
Impact tests were conducted on different sample types to obtain information about absorbed energy and maximum impact force.
Mathematical relationships are proposed to estimate the maximum impact force and displacement, based on the total impact energy and flexural stiffness.
Numerical applications show the existence of optimum initial compacticity, σ0, that minimizes the maximum impact force (i.e. the maximum damping effect).
In the optimization process, we aimed to achieve maximum value of specific energy absorption (SEA) and minimum value of maximum impact force (MIF).
It is shown that the maximum bending and the maximum impact force follow linear evolution with respect to the drop height.
Similar(35)
The maximum vertical impact force nonlinearly increases with the flat length, and the influence of flat length on the maximum vertical impact force seems to be significant within the speed range from 150 to 250 km/h.
It is obvious that the maximum vertical impact force induced by wheel flat increases with the flat length, and the peak value of the maximum vertical impact force is 400 kN for the flat length of 80 mm.
The non-monotonic relationships between the maximum vertical impact force and train speed for all flat lengths are clearly presented, and the peak values of maximum vertical impact forces occur at train speed of 150 km/h for the flat length less than or equal to 60 mm, while the peak value induced by the wheel flat occurs at the train speed of 200 km/h for the 80-mm flat spot.
b Maximum vertical impact force.
b Maximum vertical impact force as a function of train speed.
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