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For maximum hardness, the key properties must be simultaneously maximized.
For the maximum hardness the stress is found to be ∼7.7 GPa.
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From the results of the experiments using the designed optical lens, it has been shown that the maximum hardness and the width of the hardened area are approximately 780 Hv and 22.3 mm when the heat input capacity of the laser is 4.90 × 102 J/cm2, respectively.
The HAZ width and depth of the substrate treated by MEPT are 109% and 163% larger than that by TEPT respectively, while the maximum hardness and the average hardness of the HAZ of the substrate treated by TEPT are 30%and32%2% higher than that of MEPT respectively.
The preparation at 800 °C gave rise to carbon films with the maximum hardness and the hardness dropped with the higher temperature due to graphitization.
The maximum hardness of the multilayers was obtained when the bilayer period was at 10 nm for the coating with the same thickness ratio of CrSiN to TiAlN layers (1 1).
Hardness is measured experimentally, and the following formula can also estimate the maximum hardness of the HAZ for HSLA steels: HV=90+1050left(mathrm{wt}%mathrm{C}right)+47left(mathrm{wt}%mathrm{Si}right)+75left(mathrm{wt}%mathrm{Mn}right)+30left(mathrm{wt}%mathrm{Ni}right)+31left(mathrm{wt}%mathrm{C}mathrm{r}right).
The maximum hardness of the Ni W B films was about 850 Hv, comparable to that of hard chromium plated films.
The maximum hardness of the thin films reaches 25 GPa.
The maximum hardness of the multilayer at tTiB2 tTAlN of 1 14 was up to 41 GPa after annealing at 500 °C.
The maximum hardness of the multilayer thin film was measured to be about 36 GPa, similar to that of the monolithic boron carbide film deposited under the same condition.
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