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Axon diameter and density maps appeared less noisy and showed improved contrast between different regions of the corpus callosum with higher maximum gradient strength.
Using a dedicated high-gradient 3T human MRI scanner with a maximum gradient strength of 300mT/m, we systematically studied the effect of gradient strength on in vivo axon diameter and density estimates in the human corpus callosum.
The improvement in axon diameter and density estimates that we demonstrate from increasing maximum gradient strength will inform protocol development and encourage the adoption of higher maximum gradient strengths for use in commercial human scanners.
The maximum gradient strength was 300 mT/m with an 80-μs rise time.
A maximum gradient strength of up to 9 mT/cm could be obtained with driving current of about 60A in each dimension coil.
Dynamic MRI was performed on a T system (Avanto; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with a maximum slew rate of T/m/s, maximum gradient strength of mT/m, and a torso phased-array coil.
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Known differences in axon diameter and density between the genu, body, and splenium of the corpus callosum were preserved and became more reproducible at higher maximum gradient strengths.
© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods for axon diameter mapping benefit from higher maximum gradient strengths than are currently available on commercial human scanners.
The data were then divided into subsets with maximum gradient strengths of 77, 145, 212, and 293mT/m and diffusion times encompassing short (16 and 25ms) and long (60 and 94ms) diffusion time regimes.
Empirical gradient current efficiencies in the prototype coils lie between 3.75 G/cm/A and 4.5 G/cm/A with current and heating-limited maximum gradient strengths between 235 G/cm and 450 G/cm at a 2% duty cycle.
For the acquisition parameters, model, and fitting routine used in our study, it was found that higher maximum gradient strengths decreased the mean axon diameter estimates by two to three fold and decreased the uncertainty in axon diameter estimates by more than half across the corpus callosum.
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