This time delay is given by the time at which the maximum gradient occurs in the cross-correlation between each signal and the step function.
A birdcage probehead with an inner diameter of 35 mm for transmission and reception of the MR signal and a microimaging system with rapid gradient performance (maximum gradient strength 870 mT m−1 and 280 μs rise time) were used.
Magnetic resonance studies were performed using a 1.5 T GE Signa Horizon LX system equipped with a birdcage head radio-frequency coil for signal reception and an EchoSpeed gradient system providing a maximum gradient strength of 22 mT/m and maximum slew rate of 120 mT/m/ms.
The Cauberg has a maximum gradient of 12%, la Redoute 17% and the Mur de Huy a whopping 26%.
ALPE D'HUEZ YOU SAY > ALP DOOOO – EZ (rhymes with fez) ALTITUDE > 1,850m HEIGHT GAIN > 1,150m AVERAGE GRADIENT > 8% MAXIMUM GRADIENT > 13% LENGTH > 14.5km LOCATION > French Alps The Alpe d'Huez is probably the most famous mountain climb in cycling and certainly the most glamorous in the Tour de France, where it was the scene of the first ever mountaintop finish in the race.
ANGLIRU YOU SAY > ANG (rhymes with hang) – LEE – ROO ALTITUDE > 1,573m HEIGHT GAIN > 1,245m AVERAGE GRADIENT > 10% MAXIMUM GRADIENT > 24% LENGTH > 12.2km LOCATION > Picos de Europa, Spain The Alpe d'Huez might be more famous, but the Angliru is one of the hardest climbs ever used in cycling where it forms part of the Vuelta a España.
With a total elevation gain of 1,347 metres over its 32.4km and a maximum gradient of 18%, it's a terrifying prospect, but I'm far enough in that I can't turn back.
One of the world's steepest is the Katoomba Scenic Railway in New South Wales, Australia (info.mountains.net.au/rail/scenic.htm), which has a maximum gradient of 52 degrees from the horizontal.
The Koppenberg hits the riders with a maximum gradient of 22%, forcing all but the strongest to climb off their bike and run up the cobbles as if the Ronde is nothing but the hardest cyclocross race in the world.
3.48pm BST 3.47pm: Apologies, it's the third of four climbs of the day: Santa Maria de Criptis, a third category climb of 3.9 kilometres with a maximum gradient of 14%.
